IT Implementation in Healthcare

Question: Examine about the IT Implementation in Healthcare. Answer: Presentation Silver Chain Group gives network wellbeing administrations to the individuals and works in four unique districts of Australia as Queensland, New South Wales, Western and Southern Australia. Being in the nation for more than 100 years, it is a non-benefit association that has a stamped notoriety and quality administrations all finished (Silverchain.org.au, 2016). The scope of administrations that are given by this gathering is colossal and a portion of the models are Wellness administrations, human services and upkeep administrations, directing and warning administrations, backing and care, evaluation administrations and individual alerts. Necessity of IT for Silver Chain Group On an every year premise, the gathering covers in excess of 87,000 individuals for giving of the administrations and care and the equivalent is executed with the assistance of more than 3000 staff individuals and roughly 400 volunteers. Paper-based records were utilized to keep up the customer data which made it hard to get to and furthermore brought about continuous misfortune and removals. The administration and capacity of the equivalent likewise developed as the huge worry for the association. It was getting problematic for the staff individuals to accumulate information around their separate customers and brought about abatement of profitability and effectiveness too. It was very required to improve the consumer loyalty and furthermore empower the different substances to furnish a medium to effectively speak with one another (LeMay, 2014). Significance of IT for business endurance Following are the variables and reasons which mark the significance of IT for the gathering. Arrangement It is the assignment which incorporates information assortment for different sources and is made simple by its assistance. Arranging Making of venture plans, venture plan, spending plan and different other arranging outlines is a basic assignment through IT devices and programming. Practice It is important to stick to the characterized conventions and standards. IT makes it conceivable to follow the prescribed procedures and rules that have been proposed. Progress checks It is close to difficult to screen every single staff part and the movement going around through manual methods. IT helps in the regular execution and progress checks. Stages for usage and utilization of IT Silver Chain Group took the guide of an undertaking level arrangement and furthermore propelled a portable application for connecting with a bigger number of individuals and furthermore to offer quality types of assistance to them. Android was the working framework that was chosen for the improvement of the application and the equivalent was redone for a wide range of cell phones, for example, Samsung Galaxy S2, S3, S4, Note and Note II cell phones, and Samsung Galaxy Note 8, 10.1 and Tab 10.1 tablet gadgets to coordinate consideration staff and customers (delimiter, 2016). 1. Arranging This is the underlying stage which incorporates the important wanting to be done around the extent of the undertaking, objectives and goals, suppositions, passage and leave rules and in like manner. 2. Prerequisite Analysis There are various Stakeholders that are engaged with the Silver Chain Group, for example, financial specialists, clients, accomplices, proprietors and some more. This stage talks about the venture with all the basic partners and readies a lot of necessities and determinations appropriately. 3. Plan The following stage in the rundown is the plan stage which spins around the structure outlines and reports, for example, structure detail record, information stream charts, use case graphs, practical chains of command and choice trees to comprehend the plan of the venture. 4. Execution This is where the down to earth utilization of the prior three stages starts. For the wellbeing arrangement and portable application, the structure is gotten true usage and the equivalent is utilized for the further procedure. Database group likewise attempts to make a solid back-end. 5. Testing It is an action which is utilized to discover the mistakes that are available in the framework. It is done in a staged methodology and includes the stages, for example, prerequisite examination, plan stage, advancement stage, execution stage and finishing stage. It utilizes test conditions, experiments and test situations and reports the bugs in the deformity report. The conclusion report is made once the leave models are met (Softwaretestinghelp.com, 2016). 6. Sending and Maintenance This is where the last item is sent for the end-clients and the issues that emerge after that are accounted for and handled (Ghahrai, 2015). Utilization of IT in Silver Chain Group IT would help the staff individuals from the Silver Chain Group to discuss effectively with their customers. It would likewise give a component to the medical attendants and specialists to have a discussion effectively and furthermore look for direction through video conferencing. Families who are situated in various regions would likewise have the option to handily interface with one another. Openness and accessibility of the immediate consideration staff would likewise improve by an enormous edge. Cutting edge innovation, for example, warning to the attendants if the readings go past an adequate number would be sent and moreover. Dangers engaged with IT The IT answer for Silver Chain Group would be actualized in a portable application too. The data related would be of serious extent of assurance and the misfortune to the equivalent could rise as a genuine hazard for the gathering. There is fluctuated data that is related with the gathering and has likely dangers. It has been ordered as follows: Touchy: The information is by and large essential to the affiliation and requires a significant level of affirmation moreover. The social protection information associated with the client is very basic and can't be hampered with. Secret: This is the grouping of information that holds high importance for an affiliation and ought to be made sure about unequivocally. The information around the accomplices and the assistants required in the association is grouped in nature. Private: It is the individual information that is associated with the association and consolidates the focal points of the laborers, for instance, segment information. Open: The information that is okay to pass on out to the general perceivability and learning goes under this class. There are a few dangers to the classification, trustworthiness, protection and legitimacy of the information and some of them are as portrayed beneath: Infection It is a task or a game plan of rules that is malicious in nature which infers that it has been planned for giving mischief or harm to the structure. It gets introduced in the structure through limit media or framework. Spyware These are the tasks that get the activity of the customer on the systems and can be used to give a significant proportion of damage (Spychecker.com. 2016) Secondary passages Secondary passages are used to hamper the validity and affirmed access to the structure by mellowing to the system security. These are used to evade the security segment and may show generally hazardous for the educational establishments by entering in the zone of private and mystery information. Rationale Bomb It is another game plan of code that is dangerous in nature and gets actuated by a particular development or an action. It requires certain conditions to be met with a particular ultimate objective to get ordered and once it does, it can part away the security of the system. DoS Denial of Service The administration is made inaccessible for a particular length of time since it is over-burden and overwhelmed with superfluous traffic from temperamental sources (Digitalattackmap.com. 2016). Spam It is the use of electronic educating organization and systems to send unconstrained messages in mass. There may be email spam or messaging spam. On the off chance that there ought to be an event of an educational foundation, these may achieve spam in online diaries, web gathering spam, long range casual correspondence spam, or record sharing framework spam. (Ttu.edu. 2016) Phishing A phony site or email message is used to imitate someone else's character in order to increment sensitive information (Ttu.edu. 2016). Proposals It is conceivable to keep up and screen IT for the Silver Chain Group with the assistance of a couple of countermeasures to the hazard and organized philosophy as: Utilization of security apparatuses and programming, for example, hostile to infection, firewalls and web security Appropriate access control system for the support of privacy and uprightness of the data Adjustment of encryption methods for move of information Systematic devices for investigation of immense measure of information Time to time up-degree of the considerable number of devices and procedures that are utilized in the framework Organized system for venture the board and asset the board End Silver Chain Group is an association that works for the improvement of individuals of Australia and works through four unique areas. There are an immense number of workers and customers that are related with the gathering. The administration of these alongside the track of every single action is only outlandish through the manual procedures. It has in this way been proposed to utilize IT in the business and the gathering has concocted an undertaking wellbeing arrangement and an Android based portable application also. These would help in the administration of administrations as well as improve the client experience and availability to the association. There are a lot of dangers that surface because of its association and these can possibly hamper the privacy and security of the data. Countermeasures, for example, utilization of against infection, web security, arrange screens, encryption procedures and access controls are viable to control such dangers and assaults. References delimiter, (2016). [online] Available at: https://delimiter.com.au/wp-content/transfers/2014/04/NBX-Case-Study_Silver-Chain_Mobility.pdf [Acce

IMP 2 POW 8 Essay -- Math Mathmatics Problems

Essay Topics For GRE Exam

Essay Topics For GRE ExamBefore you turn in your application for the GRE exam, you need to make sure that you have some idea about the essay topics for the GRE exam. There are several aspects that you should consider while you compose your essay. In this article, we will discuss the four most important aspects that you need to consider.First, you should consider the topic of the GRE exam. The first thing that you need to do is to decide what topic you want to write an essay on. The topic of the essay can be very simple, like what you just read about, or it can be more complex. It all depends on your goals.Second, the third important aspect is to write the essay in a way that the readers will appreciate it. In this matter, you should first look at your own writing style. If you tend to write short sentences, it is wise to look for essays on topics that can give you the opportunity to discuss something longer. Another advantage that this has is that it helps you develop your grammar an d spelling skills. When you write essays in a more organized way, you can also improve your writing style.Fourth, you should make sure that you have the right topic to give you the opportunities that you need. One way to determine this is to find out whether you have covered the same subject in any of your previous GRE exams. If you haven't, then it means that you need to take more time to plan out your essay.The fifth aspect that you need to consider is the organization of your essay. You should make sure that the structure of your essay makes sense and that it doesn't drag. It should not give you many difficulties in reading the essay and applying it to the whole test.Now that you know the important aspects that you need to consider when composing your essay topics for the GRE exam, you need to make sure that you start taking action right away. If you make sure that you prepare properly for the essay portion of the exam, you will be able to gain a huge advantage over others. Since you need to write about a specific topic, you should make sure that you follow the directions of the test. You should look for instructions regarding the types of examples that you need to use and the parts of the essay that should be relevant to the type of questions that you will face on the exam.When it comes to essay topics for the GRE exam, there are many resources available online. There are many online resources that you can access that offer helpful advice to prepare for the exam. You can choose from topics such as career choices, family, career development, leadership and other topics that may be applicable to the GRE exam. Some of these online resources can even provide test preparation programs that can help you prepare for the test.So before you turn in your application for the GRE exam, you need to make sure that you know about the essay topics for the GRE exam. After you have learned the importance of the topic, you can learn how to write well and organize your essay so that it doesn't drag.

Psychological Effects on Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Many serious mental illnesses can be related to, proven and fixed with the use and study of social sciences. One illness that can prove this statement is body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Body dysmorphic disorder is a very common psychological disorder where one becomes obsessed with imaginary defects in their appearance (Phillips Rocco, 2001). The obsession can range in severity and affects different areas of functioning (Bjornsson, Didie Phillips, 2010). This disorder is related to the three domains of psychological development (physical, cognitive and psychosocial) in a variety of ways. These relations can come in the form of development, impacts and treatments of the disorder. The physical domain targets the development and consequences of the disorder. The cognitive domain focuses mainly on assessing and treating the illness. The final domain, psychosocial, takes various aspects into consideration. This domain looks at how the disorder is affected by psychological well-being and how it can improve the disorder. Overall, body dysmorphic disorder is caused by defects in and heavily relies on the three domains of psychological development. BDD starts with the physical domain, as it is an unhealthy preoccupation with ones physical appearance. This preoccupation is based on a perceived idea that there are visible flaws in ones appearance, however the one experiencing this is usually an average looking person (Rosen, James, Reiter Orosan, 1995). This preoccupation can beShow MoreRelatedCosmetic Surgery : An Accidental Of Popularity1422 Words   |  6 PagesFor many years, the appearance of one’s body has been one of the most concerning features a person may have in life. Mainly because being attractive can help with almost anything. People look more highly at you and even respect you more than a person who isn’t attractive. One of the main emphases on a person’s attractiveness is their face. â€Å"Facial attractiveness provides honest cues to health and mate value† (Barber, 1994). This is a major reason as to why many are turning to cosmetic surgery forRead MoreEssay on The Dangers of Cosmeti c Surgery1084 Words   |  5 Pagesas psychological illness and severe side effects. I propose that people should take a more naturalistic approach and not consider cosmetic surgery. II. Body A. The first part of the problem is that people who undergo cosmetic surgeries are at higher risk for suffering with psychological issues. 1. â€Å"Cosmetic surgery doesn’t solve all problems† says Associate Professor Ingela Kvalem (Ladegaard, 2012). A greater number of patients who have undergone cosmetic surgery suffer with psychological illnessesRead MorePlastic Surgery Addiction1100 Words   |  5 Pagessub-conscientious of many people with low self-steam and fill the mind of men and women with insecurities about their body images. 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History TheRead MoreBody Image : A Part Of Human Nature2188 Words   |  9 PagesPeriod 3 27 October 2014 Body Image in American Society Body image is a part of human nature, and it leads people all around the world to be influenced by their culture and their surroundings. It reflects the way both men and women view themselves, both esthetically and internally. Negative body image can have psychological and physical effects on members of American society, consisting of inducing eating disorders, prompting low self-esteem, causing body dysmorphic disorder, and leading some to cosmeticRead MoreThe Psychological effect of Body Image on Adolescence882 Words   |  4 Pagescommunity is body image. Body image is an issue that has always been of important consideration for teenagers. How a person looks can determine who they associate with, how they are perceived and represent their way of self-expression. 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Plastic surgery is a personal choice and should not be done to fulfill someone else’s desires or to try to fit into an idealRead MoreHow Plastic Surgery Affects Society1551 Words   |  7 Pagesfor free. â€Å"They have provided reconstructive plastic surgery to over 150,000 children and young adults in more than 60 countries† (â€Å"Plastic Surgery). Regardless of how much the media popularizes plastic surgery, you must not focus on that effect, but on th e effect foundations like these have on society. If a woman were to be diagnosed with breast cancer there is a possibility that she will need surgery. At this time a mastectomy (removal of the breast) in order to keep the cancer from spreadingRead MoreThe Effects of Cosmetic Surgery1593 Words   |  7 Pagesdisease, illness, or trauma. Reconstructive surgery involves the restoration or function due to a damaged body part and the rebuilding of normal physical contours when parts of the body such as the nose, ears, or fingers are missing or disfigured. Although many people think of plastic surgery as a relatively recent innovation, the practice of surgically enhancing or restoring parts of the body has its beginnings more than 4000 years ago. The oldest cosmetic surgery practices may date back to EgyptRead MoreEating Disorders Are Abolishing People Day By Day1566 Words   |  7 PagesEating disorders are abolishing people day by day. According to the National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders, up to 24 million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder in the United States. These mental monsters are not physical, but they are mentally destroying a person’s thoughts, which effect their overall actions. Not only are eating disorders caused by unrealistic societal expectations, but the monsters come out through the psychological aspects

Critical Analysis of Philippine Literature - 761 Words

Critical Analysis of Philippine Literature Geyluv (1991): Honorio Bartolome De Dios Geyluv is a story about two men with a different sexual orientation. Benjie, a gay man falls in love with his close straight friend mike. Benjie confessed his love for mike then follows a flashback on how they met and became friends. The story is written in a style involving the queer theory due to the fact that the story involves the thoughts and insights of a Heterosexual Man to a Homosexual Man and vice versa. It sheds light to the feelings and what goes on in their minds as they interact with one another. It tells about what these two people think of each other and their relationship with one another. The story is somewhat complex in the structural†¦show more content†¦Though the story has an open ending, meaning they didn’t have the typical happily ever after, or perhaps a tragic ending. The story gives a hint of positivity that somewhat assures the readers that the story might really end up happy but not giving out the actual ending itself, giving the story temp oral continuity meaning they might still be together and that the story is still on-going despite of the piece of literature be over. Just like Herman Ville’s classic masterpiece, Moby Dick, de Dios used a powerful one-liner to stir his readers’ curiosity. While Ville has his â€Å"Call me Ishmael,† de Dios has his â€Å"I love you Mike.† It is Simple, yet strong; short, yet descriptive. This story is quite recent and its theme is familiar especially in these times where there are a lot of homosexual people in the world. It gives the readers the insight of a homosexual man and how his mind works. It also shows the readers that â€Å"gay† men is not very different to their heterosexual counterparts and that they should be given respect as any other individual should be given. It also shows that there are â€Å"straight† men that are comfortable with the close friendship with homosexuals. This also helps educate homophobic people that gay men are not bad and should not be treated with hostility. Today, where these people are given lighter treatment than in the more conservative past, there is still discrimination that is happening though there areShow MoreRelatedYolo1583 Words   |  7 PagesDEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE College of Arts and Sciences San Beda College COURSESYLLABUS First Semester, AY2014-2015 San Beda College, a Catholic educational institution, is committed to the Christian formation of the Bedan Community as its service to the Church, the Philippine society, and the world. Vision : San Beda College envisions a community that is Fully Human, Wholly Christian, Truly Filipino, and Globally Competitive. 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The Philippine exposure to natural disasters may be characterizedRead MoreBroomstick1120 Words   |  5 PagesOf Contents I. Executive Summary Short summary of the campaign Broomsticks are an essential part of the Filipino household. Due to the Philippines’ climate which ..dust. Sweeping became a daily routine. We are assigned to carry out a product launch of a new brand of broomstick. We aim to go against the widely used broomstick in the Philippines, Baguio broomstick. We plan to grab 30% of the broom market in the span of 6 months campaign period. Our budget is P5 million. II. Research

Precious Movie Analysis - 2149 Words

Personal Response to the film â€Å"Precious† â€Å"Precious† is a film about a Harlem teen of the same name’s attempts of escape from her abusive mother and lustful father in order to live a new life and have a brighter future. The movie, in spite of clichà © and problems with the plot, managed to win the viewers’ heart and took them up for an empathic and compassionate adventure of Precious, a 16-year-old teen who is slowly transforming into a mature and independent young woman. Coupled with a decent director and excellent actors, â€Å"Precious† is indeed one of the well-acted and beautiful of the year 2008. At the start of the movie, the story is about Clareece â€Å"Precious† Johnson, an illiterate, obese girl in 1987 Harlem who is pregnant with her second†¦show more content†¦The scene before the ending shows Precious meets up with Mary and sees her mother’s true face after all those years. She refuses to fulfill Mary’s request to live with her, taking the babies and walks out in disgust despite Mary’s pleads. The final scene shows Precious walking out of the Citizens Advice Bureau, intending to finish high school and starting a new life now with both of her babies, Mongo and Abdul. There are many small details in the film which the director intentionally hid, can show more details about the story. There is a scene in which shows Precious’ father raping her and her mother, Mary, is just standing there and doing nothing, hinting that she is unhappy and disillusioned with her husband’s tendencies. This later serves a big evidence for us to understand Precious’ abuse in the hands of Mary as well as better understanding of the film’s conclusion. There are some mild racist jokes and clichà © like Precious stealing chickens and she vomits after eating them, which shows her binge-eating habits. But there is one small detail that interested me the most is her firstborn child, Mongo. After I found out, the name â€Å"Mongo† stands for â€Å"Mongoloid†, which means a child who has Down syndrome. As it turns out, the child actress Quishay Powell, who played Mongo in the film, is a 5-year-old sufferedShow MoreRelatedPrecious Movie Analysis713 Words   |  3 PagesIn the film Precious discuses a lot of maltreatment and physical abuse. This movie is by far one of the worse because it deals with mistreatment and negative talk on an innocent teenager who wants to be all that she can be, but she is insulted and told differently. There is a lot of drugs being used in the home and just plain out disrespect. Claireece â€Å"Precious† Jones who is 16 years old grew up in Harlem during the late 1980s. All of the poor and dirty crime that happens, none of which affects PreciousRead MorePrecious Movie Analysis1212 Words   |  5 PagesPrecious is a movie that was produced based off a book. The movie was a story about a 16-year-old girl Claireece â€Å"Precious† Jones who was abused by her family emotionally, physically, mentally, and sexually. (Magness, Siegel-Magness, Daniels, 2009) Taking at a look at this from a social worker perspective one can look at how to address the situation and how one work w ith a potential client like Precious. The film addresses many issues that a client may come across including the micro, mezzo, andRead MoreFilm Analysis Of The Movie Precious2252 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction The movie Precious is based on the adaptation of the book Push written by Sapphire. Though the story is a fiction based life of Claireece Precious Jones it is far from reality for many young women. Growing up in an environment that is filled with emotional, verbal, physical and sexual abuse along with crime infested neighborhoods and overcrowded public school and many other factors that pose a lot of challenges for a young girl in the inner city. 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The movie is about Claireece Precious Jones and how she becomes a strong, independent woman after breaking through her curse of physical and sexual abuse which she has endured since she was three months old. At the begi nning, Precious is physically and verbally abused by her mother. In additionRead MorePrecious Based on the Novel Push by Saphire Analysis1368 Words   |  6 PagesJaclyn Butler 04/24/2012 Intracultural Communications Professor Brook Film Analysis on 2009’s â€Å"Precious† Analyzing a dynamic film like the 2009 â€Å"Precious† is difficult. The movie got a lot of praise for the acting and the story that was portrayed but it also got a lot of heat from the race that was portrayed in the movie. African Americans nationwide said the movie made their African American ghettos into a sexually incest ridden, classless society and didn’t properly show any of the positiveRead MoreSS1611 leelokyiu Essays1056 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿SS1611 Movies and Psychology Story Book Movie Titleï ¼Å¡The Shawshank Redemption Student Nameï ¼Å¡Lee Lok Yiu Student Numberï ¼Å¡53057085 Teacher Name ï ¼Å¡Dr. Andus Wong Summary of the movie The story begins with a young and successful banker Andy Dufresne whose life changes dramatically when he is convicted of the murderer of his wife and her secret lover. Therefore, Andy is sent to Shawshank Prison to be permanently sentenced despite his claims of innocence. During time in prison, Andy buildsRead MoreFilm Review Of Precious Knowledge : A Critical Review1076 Words   |  5 PagesThe film Precious Knowledge takes a deeper look into the defense and fall of the Ethnic Studies program within the Tucson Unified School District. 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International Employment Relation in HRM †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Employment Relation In HRM? Answer: Introducation The essay focuses on the importance of maintaining a positive relationship between an employee and an employer. Proper employment relation is needed in order to maintain the workflow in an organisation. Managing the grievance of the employees is an important aspect that every organisational manager needs to consider. In a broader context, the relationship between organisations, with the State Government of a particular country is also considered as international employment relation. The interference of a State Government can act as a huge drawback for any organisation. The essay highlights the role of the State Government in maintaining positive employee relations within the organisation. For the purpose of the essay, two countries are chosen and the contrast between the countries in terms of the working of an organisation and the roles of the State is analysed. The countries chosen for the purpose of the essay is France and Denmark. Both the countries have a vast population and cons equently, the economy of the countries is well maintained. Further details about the countries are provided in the essay in order to understand the working of international employment relation in the organisations of the countries. Hence, the State Government plays a vital role in ensuring that organisational conflicts do not hinder the progress made by the companies. The essay provides contrasting evidence about the role of the unions played within the organisations in the countries. The essay also states the international employment relationship that exists in France and Denmark and takes into consideration the contrasting role of the State in both countries. A valid conclusion is provided that summarise the difference between the countries and the impact of the State Government while maintaining and promoting international employment relation within the organisations. International relations are based on understanding the cooperation made at an international level between transitional organisations. The knowledge analysing foreign policy, ways to negotiate with conflicts and disputes within an organisation. Furthermore, it also deals with the role played by the Unions in bringing about a mutual understanding between the employee and the employer in the case of conflicts and disputes. As stated by Watson, (2017), it is important for managers and employees to maintain a proper relationship with one another for the purpose of the organisation. Relationship with the employees is based on legal laws that bind the services and work provided by an employee in an organisation. The role-played by the Union members as well as the State in protecting or managing relations is based on the interests of the country as a whole. Hence, due to this reason, different countries have different ways and policies to negotiate with matters related to the international r elations. In this context, it can be said that the unions of France follow historical revolutionary tactics during the labour movement and any conflict issue (Tapia Turner, 2013). The international relations are fragmented due to the absence of mutual understanding between the people working in an organisation. Denmark, on the other hand, allows a high involvement of the political system in a matter related to organisational conflict and collective bargaining (Auer, 2010). This is mainly because of the fact that the Danish market has witnessed a high growth rate due to the existence of an industrial conflict. The role of the unions played in both the countries is described and a comparison is made to understand the difference. According to Bryson, Forth Laroche, (2011), the main characteristic of the French Union is the existence of pluralism, rivalry and fragmentation. This mainly occurs due to the lack of trust and relationship between the different leaders of the Union along with the employees and the employers. Due to this Unionism in the country have been on the decline since the 1970s and currently, it is below 8%. The reason behind the decline of the unionism is the mistrust of the younger generations. Most young employees provided negative feedbacks as to the existence of unionism. This is mainly because of the constantly changing French economy (Damesin Denis, 2005). Moreover, the unionism was also biased in terms providing wages as well as employment. The employees not indulging in work were given payment as much as an employee engaged in full-time work. This led to a conflict of interests among the employees. Moreover, the union members did not receive extra facilities for providing critical i deas and solutions during conflict situations. Gumbrell-McCormick Hyman, (2006) stated that the most important reason for the decline of unionism is the fact that employers wanted to make direct communication with the employees. This is because the employers wanted to solve any employee grievances directly and not involve a third person. In order to prevent the decline of unionism, the State Government of France set up five national union confederations that were divided into ideological and religious lines. These confederations were allocated rights that made them remain independent from the presence of actual unionism. Presently, this process is still in effect and is the cause for the little unionism that exists in France. On the other hand, the unionism of Denmark is different from that of France. Unlike in France, the Danish Trade Unions exist to the present day. The Danish Trade Union was established in 1898 and is the largest and proficient Trade Union in the country. Burroni Keune, (2011) stated that Trade Unions under the Danish Confederation represent workers both skilled and unskilled for the public as well as the private sectors. This helps in the reduction of unemployment rate in the country and ensures that organisations can find talents whenever it is required. One of the main reasons for the success of the Trade Unions is the fact that it is divided into various categories that represent the requirements of the industries. A mixture of craft, general and industrial unions consist of this conglomerate and aims to concentrate on unions of larger and fewer units (Hansen Mailand, 2013). Another reason for the success of the union is the fact that it works in a coordinated manner rather than an individual entity. This helps to large unions to remain dependent during the time of negotiation. A high union density was achieved and collective agreement became an important element for negotiation in the private sectors. In the modern day, the existence of competition between the unions has been replaced by the cooperation among the different union managers (Hassel, 2009). However, due to the minimum interference of the State the membership has declined to around 50%. This has been predicted as a continuing trend with the years to come. In this regard, a similarity can be established with France. The process of international employment relations maintained in France can be detailed using the effectiveness of the unions. The international employment relations are maintained due to the existence of various representative bodies at different levels of an organisation. This includes dealing with the grievances of the employees, maintaining consultation in the workplace and participating in collective bargaining method and conflict resolution at the workplace. Thomas, (2016) stated that one of the main characteristics of the organisations in France is the fact that the delegates are not allowed to represent any union member. However, the choosing of the delegates is done from the consent provided by the unions. The local union branch of the State appoints the delegates and provides responsibilities. Reports suggest that despite the decline in unions, about 38% of the private sectors in France indulge in unionism. The concept of collective bargaining came into focus from the development of the international relations in France (Laroche, 2016). Organisations that possessed a steady unionism encouraged empl oyees to interact and negotiate the pay and hours. However, there had been times when the decision made by the employer has been accepted as the final decision. Apart from the collective bargaining system, the State Government developed a social protection institution. The employees formed the institution with the assistance from the five union representatives. This institution protects the funds for social security, pension, and unemployment insurance and so on. The problems that arise in the welfare of the social protection system are maintained in these securities along with the problems of the inability of social partners to undertake reforms without the intervention of the State Government. Mehaut, (2005) stated that the right to strike is imposed on the members of an organisation any time if a proper negotiation does not take place. After analysing the international employment relation of France, a detailed yet comprehensive analysis is required to be done in the case of Denmark. Ilsoe, (2016) stated that collective bargaining was considered as the most reliable method of solving disputes that arise between employee and employers. This normally arose due to improper payment and working conditions in the workplace. The State has formulated the labour market and welfare policies for the subsequent development of collective bargaining. The market features of Denmark include a coordinated approach that is based on the development of policies. Coordination exists among the Trade Unions that make it difficult for the State to interfere. Any violations of workplace rules lead to negotiation between the employees and the employers. Hence, Gooderham et al., (2015) stated that Denmark is considered as a negotiated economy. It has been seen that about 85% of the market covers the collective agreement policy. Although some workers are covered by individual contracts, the private sector covers about 75% of workers working under the collective agreement scenario. Ibsen, (2016) stated that such a system increases the advantage to develop a scope of improvements. Standards are set by public and financial sectors in order to attain social welfare elements used for making collective agreements. The State is of the belief that major conflict in organisations sets up premises for new collective bargaining models. This can be used in order to understand the effectiveness of these models and make further recommendations about the use of the collective agreement. Thus, Denmark adopts this approach to maintain proper employment relation and ensure that the interference of the State is less. In this regard, the role of the State in both France and Denmark can be critically analysed. According to Rose Melander, (2016), the State intervenes in the organisational matters of France. This is because the French people believe in maintaining the historical process that has been the highlight of the evolution of industries in the country. This intervention prevents employers and unions to indulge in voluntary collective bargaining and make a mutual agreement that may benefit the organisation. The formulation of industrial law has formed a link with the collective agreement that exists in the organisations. The link is based on the content of collective agreement and the results that arose due to the tripartite discussions. Rose Pineau, (2016) stated that since the State is a major employer, it possesses the power to put pressure on the pay scales of the employees working in the private sector. The State has taken considerable measures to reduce the rate of unemployment in the country. The unemployment is mainly caused among the young people and the people working for a long time in an organisation. The main reason for the high unemployment rate of this group of people is the fact that organisations look for experienced yet young candidates. Thus, it becomes difficult for this group of people to find proper employment in the sectors. Concerning this, two programmes were created that aimed at providing jobs to the people. This includes the "Jobs for Young People" and the Aubry Law that defines the 35-hour work law. The Aubry Law provided the much-needed boost to collective bargaining and provided encouragement to negotiate about wages and recruitment of people (Milner, 2012). In the modern day, the State has managed to compromise rather than impose its decision in the managerial activities of a company. Thus, it can be seen that the State plays a major role in the organisational development and international employment relation in France. However, in the case of Denmark, this is a different scenario. As seen from the above discussion, the employment relations in the organisation are managed by the Trade Union. The State pays little or no heed to the process of work that goes on in the organisations. However, Wagner Refslund, (2016) stated that the role of the State is important in order to maintain the political as well as the economic scenario of the country. One of the key roles played by the State is providing support to the legislations that govern the rights of the employees. The rules related to the rights of the employees, collective agreement and industrial conflicts are fixed to keep in mind the interests of both parties. Despite this, the State plays a small part in the functioning of an organisation (Ibsen, Hgedahl Scheuer, 2013). The legislation laid down by the State is limited when it comes to organisational context. This includes no legislations that govern the formal registration of trade unions in the organisations. Apart from this, no fixed law related to the minimum wage of an employee exists. This can cause serious problems for the employees as most employers can refrain from providing the minimum wage for the work done. Madsen, Due Andersen, (2016) observed that the political intervention is mainly due to the European Union demanding the legislations of the country. In the matters of labour market policy, the State encourages opinions from the unions and the employer association. However, the State ensures that unemployment is reduced by recruiting people to work for the public organisations. Thus, it can be concluded that maintaining proper relation with the employees require the use of certain techniques. These techniques come in the form of mutual understanding among the employees and the employers along with interference from the Trade Unions. The contrasting technique adopted by the State Government of France and Denmark are of significant importance while analysing the role of State in employment relations. It can be seen that the interference of State in order to protect the historical progress of organisational development in France is a countering technique to the limited interference of the State of Denmark. This can be considered as a debatable topic as most people believe that interference of the State is necessary for the development of an organisation. However, others believe that organisational matters particularly private organisational matters need to be dealt by the members of the organisation itself. The role of the Trade Union in this regard can be eff ective in maintaining negotiation between the employer and the employee. The State Government of France and Denmark adopt different techniques in order to mitigate the grievance of the employees. In the case of France, the rate of which the unions have declined led by the State to take control of organisational proceedings. However, there have been improvements concerning the increased number of unions. In the case of Denmark, the less interference of the State makes the Unions and the employee association strong. Reference Auer, P 2010, Whats in a name?: The rise (and fall?) of flexicurity, Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 371-386. Bryson, A, Forth, J Laroche, P 2011, Evolution or revolution? The impact of unions on workplace performance in Britain and France, European Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 171187. Burroni, L Keune, M 2011, Flexicurity: A conceptual critique, European Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 7591. Damesin, R Denis, J 2005, SUD trade unions: the new organisations trying to conquer the French trade union scene, Capital Class, 86, pp. 1737. Gooderham, PN, Navrbjerg, SE, Olsen, KM Steen, CR 2015, The labor market regimes of Denmark and Norway one Nordic model?,Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 166-186. Gumbrell-McCormick, R Hyman, R 2006, Embedded collectivism? Workplace representation in France and Germany, Industrial Relations Journal, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 473-491. Hansen, NW Mailand, M 2013, Public service employment relations in an era of austerity: The case of Denmark, European Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 375389. Hassel, A 2009, Policies and politics in social pacts in Europe, European Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 7-26. Ibsen, CL 2016, The role of mediation institutions in Sweden and Denmark after centralized bargaining, British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 285-310. Ibsen, F, Hgedahl, L Scheuer, S 2013, Free riders: the rise of alternative unionism in Denmark, Industrial Relations Journal, vol. 44, no. 5-6, pp. 444-461. Ilsoe, A 2016, From living wage to living hours the Nordic version of the working poor, Labour and Industry, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 40-57. Laroche, P 2016, Employment relations in France, in GJ Bamber, RD Lansbury, N Wailes CF Wright (eds),International and comparative employment relations:National regulation, global changes, 6th edn, Allen Unwin, Crows Nest. Madsen, JS, Due, J Andersen, SK 2016, Employment relations in Denmark, in GJ Bamber, RD Lansbury,N Wailes CFWright (eds), International and comparative employment relations:National regulation, global changes, 6th edn, Allen Unwin, Crows Nest. Mehaut, P 2005, Reforming the training system in France, Industrial Relations Journal, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 303317. Milner, S 2012, Towards a European labour market? Trade unions and flexicurity in France and Britain, European Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 219-234. Rose, M Melander, I 2016, French leaders ram through labour reform, Australian Financial Review, 12 May, p. 12. Rose, M Pineau, E 2016, Protests force French labour reform retreat, Australian Financial Review, 16 March, p. 9. Tapia, M Turner, L 2013, Union campaigns as countermovements: mobilizing immigrant workers in France and the United Kingdom British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 601-622. Thomas, A 2016, The transnational circulation of the organizing model and its reception in Germany and France, European Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 317-333. Wagner, I Refslund, B 2016, Understanding the diverging trajectories of slaughterhouse work in Denmark and Germany: A power resource approach, European Journal of Industrial Relations, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 335-351. Watson, G 2017, Can labour law reform be made popular?, Australian Financial Review, 29 June, p. 43.

Evolution of Homo Erectus Essay Example

Evolution of Homo Erectus Essay Homo erectus (meaning â€Å"upright men,† homo means men and Erectus/erect means upright.) is an extinct species of hominid and were assumed to live around seventy thousand to 1.9 million years ago. Homo erectus have thought to be originated from Africa and later migrated to South East Asia (Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and China). Homo erectus were the most technological advanced of the species in their time. This advantage accompanied with the knowledge of how the world worked gave them an advantage over their competitor (Homo Neanderthal) which later caused the extinction of Homo Neanderthal. Homo erectus was an important aspect of human evolution as it was the first species that showed physical features like brain size and the cranium size similar to Homo sapiens (a huge aspect when trying to understand the intelligence of an animal, bigger cranium/skull would suggest larger brain which would mean that; that species was smart and able to do critical thinking in order to su rvive). All these steps/events suggest that Homo sapiens must have been an evolved form of Homo erectus. The origin of Homo erectus dates back roughly 1.9 million years ago. It was the first species ever to migrate vast distances (first species of hominin to migrate outside of Africa to Southeast Asia). This is known because many sites bearing  Homo erectus  fossils found in Southeast Asia date to an earlier date than the fossils found in Africa, this suggests that Homo erectus must have migrated from Africa to South East Asia at some stage of their lives for some unknown reason. One of the reason could be that because the species of Homo erectus was capable of doing great things such as understand the world around them and use that as an advantage, their population increased by vast amounts which forced some of them to migrate to other places. One of the main reasons Homo erectus were successful at settling outside of Africa was due to their technological advance We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution of Homo Erectus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution of Homo Erectus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Evolution of Homo Erectus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Space Jump essays

Space Jump essays What if it were possible to free fall from 25 miles up. Thats what Michel Fourniers, a French skydiver, is trying to accomplish. Joe Kittinger Jr. set the record for the highest free fall at 102,800 feet in 1960. Fournier is going for the highest at 130,000 feet above earths surface. He will come plummeting back to earth as fast as 885 mph, or roughly Mach 1. At any part in the fall Michel could die. So many parts could fail, that a stunt like this is only done when you have nothing to lose. Michel will be transported to 130,000 feet via a 135-foot wide helium filled balloon. He will then jump out of the 5x7 foot compartment he is in, and start his descent. At 130,000 feet it is a mere 7F, and it just keeps dropping till 50,000 feet, where the temperature levels off at a minus 70F. The suit that will be used is a partial-pressure suit, which will protect Michel from the pressure of hitting the sound barrier and actually passing through it. It will take a total of only 4 minutes from the time Michel jumps, until his parachute opens at about 7,000 feet. This is the first time anyone has attempted a jump from this high of an altitude. If successful, it could be one of the most amazing feats of all time. The only problem with the plan is that so many things could go wrong, and if one does in mid-jump, there is no way to save Michel and he would end up dying. The biggest concern is if he goes into an uncontrolled spin, at the altitude and speed he is traveling at, there would be no way for him to stabilize himself, sending him unconscious and ultimately to death. Personally I would never attempt this stunt, but I suppose if it were in the name of science I might reconsider my thought. ...

Visual Arts and Film Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Visual Arts and Film Studies - Essay Example In 2009, He received the first Jack Wolgin Fine Art Prize that was given to him at the Art at Temple University in Philadelphia. That is known for recognizing the peak level of artistic excellence on an international level. He is currently residing and working and living in Philadelphia. Ryan Trecartin’s video â€Å"A Family Finds Entertainment† is a video that was released in 2004 and stars a clownish but psychopathic boy called Skippy who locks himself up in the upstairs bathroom during a wild party. He is persuaded to join in the party but he refuses. He cuts himself with a knife and musing opaquely on his dilemma regarding King Lear style delirium. Whereas, downstairs, the partiers have having complex mood swings that are constantly disrupted by a burst of animated sequences and visual effects. This seems to disorient the characters similar to many lightening strikes. Eventually, Skippy comes out of the bathroom, borrows money from his sexually inappropriate parents and heads for the outdoors. He meets a documentary film maker who decides to make a movie about him but, Skippy is hit by a car and apparently dies. Back at the party, a hyperactive gal called Shin, a cat played by Trecartin receives the sad new regarding Skippy (Trecartin 2004). She spends twenty minutes of being hysteria filled with the sad news as she prepares to tell her friends what has happened. After she has informed her friends, the band compose a song that seems to magically raise the teenager from the dead. Everybody runs outside the house and sets the fireworks. However, on the event the police appear, they run back to the house. Ryan Trecartin’s video â€Å"A family Finds Entertainment† unfolds with a similar intent like futuristic fever dreams. This is a collaboration that assembles the cast of family and friends. He displays the skill of being able to merge complex digital manipulations with footage from pop culture, animations and internet employing wid ely stylized performance and sets. Despite the fact that, this video has drawn major comparison to early John waters, Jack Smith and Perr – Wee play House, Ryan Trecartin’s video is thoroughly unique. His video, sculpture performance, photography and installation creates scenario that are displayed with the collaboration of his friends. Critical study of the video The quote from the video â€Å"I believe that some where there is something worth dying for and I think is amazing.† Skippy sounds sarcastic but envious. In the video he polariods himself and cuts the picture into half. When he cuts himself while looking at the mirror, he tries to test a true reflection of his soul and knowledge of himself. In the other room, a young man says â€Å"Show me something beautiful and, I will live, show me something worth holding on and I will hold on.† Veronika tell the young man that they are planning to go on a tour very soon. This is an indication that this group contains musicians who like to sing and go on tours. While Skippy is still hiding in the toilet, Veronika come to tell him that her friends want to leave because his show is boring and the environment is not intriguing. Accidentally, Skippy cuts himself but pretends that he cut himself more dramatically while he

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Vatican council 2 - Essay Example O’Malley himself supports the third interpretation and holds that Vatican II marks a great change in the history of the Church. In O’Malley’s opinion, the Council has ushered in decrees â€Å"that marked a real departure from previous Catholic practice.† These include the license to engage in joint prayer with Protestants and attend services in Protestant churches. The Decree on Religious Liberty also put an end to the earlier  Ã¢â‚¬Å"ideal that Catholicism should be established as the official religion of every nation, even the United States.† O’Malley contends that the radical aspect of Vatican Council II is its changing emphasis on the style of the Church. This emphasis is seen in the â€Å"striking shift in language† in the documents of the Council. Departing from the abrupt, authoritarian tone of earlier Councils, Vatican Council II adopts an â€Å"invitational style† which attempts to foster dialogue, respect for conscience, freedom of speech and a spirit of participation. The new â€Å"invitational† style of Vatican II is seen in: the emphasis on partnership and collaboration in relations among church hierarchy and with the laity; the emphasis on the main pastoral ministry being service; openness to change and development; a conciliatory attitude towards all faiths; and the active participation of the entire congregation in the liturgy. O’Malley’s article attempts to support the author’s contention that the Vatican Council II ushers in transformation in the style of the Church. The five points O’Malley cites in order to support his stand are very credible as they mark a change of direction in the Church. However, O’Malley argues that even this change is grounded in the past tradition of the Church. The â€Å"partnership and collaboration† (O’Malley, 2003) which the Council recommends in the relationship of the Church hierarchy is in line with the traditional understanding of the ‘Mystery of the

Differences in Laminated Dough Essay Example for Free

Differences in Laminated Dough Essay Laminated dough is made by incasing fat in dough and taking it through a series of folds, rolling and turns. These things produce the layers of fat in between sheets of dough. The leavening in laminated dough comes most from the steam generated by the moisture from the fat. Three main types of laminated dough are danish, croissant, and puff pastry. So if all these doughs are laminated dough, what makes them different from one another? Croissant dough and danish dough are very similar, both containing yeast. Croissant dough is considered lean dough because the detrempe contains only flour, salt, water and yeast. Danish dough, however, is considered rich because it contains eggs, dairy, and sometimes sugar. Detrempe refers to strictly the dough part of the pastry before the RIF (roll in fat) is added. Puff pastry differs from croissant and danish dough because it contains no yeast and is risen only by the steam created from the moisture of the fat. Puff pastry containing more butter and no yeast results in a product that has a flaky and buttery texture that almost melts in your mouth. Danish and croissant dough containing yeast, results in a chewier texture that has slightly less flakiness to it. Some people go as far as substituting danish dough for puff pastry dough but when making classic pastry its best to stick to the dough that is originally used. After all, these doughs are made of different components resulting in slightly different flavors and textures. Works Cited: CakeSpy. Seeking Sweetness in Everyday Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2012. http://www.cakespy.com/blog-old/2008/6/29/dough-you-love-me-a-laminated-pastry-dough-faq-and-a-daring.html. Lamination. Baking Recipes. Learn to Bake. Baking Help. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Nov. 2012. http://baking911.com/quick-guide/baking-terms/lamination.

1970’s American Culture and the Impact on Dance Essay -- Sociology Ess

1970’s American Culture and the Impact on Dance The freedom of the American life and culture of the 1970’s overflowed to make a major impact on music and dance during this period. American culture flourished. The events of the times were reflected in and became the inspiration for much of the music, literature, entertainment, and even fashion of the decade. Choreographers wanted to motivate the dancers to leap into the unknown and experience the contact of dance in their own way. Free love and the idea surrounding it helped break down barriers from traditional dance movements. Men and women began using their bodies to portray physical acts, built on to each other creating unique and interesting positions. They were working with the physical forces of gravity, momentum, and inertia. They would use the force of one body hurling into another to find out what would happen. For the first time in history, it was not unusual for a man and woman to depict the act of making love on the dance floor. The term â€Å"bump and grind† did start during this era of free love. Another ...

Nationalism Essay †Nationalism Forms & Theories â€

Define Nationalism – Nationalism Forms and Theories – our site1. IntroductionWhat is Nationalism and how do you define NationalismThis essay will discuss definitions and forms of nationalism in an attempt to define nationalism phenomenon. The first section will focus on presenting contemporary and historical definitions. Secondly, a brief account of the emergence of nationalism and debates over its origins will be presented. The subsequent section will detail practical and theoretical forms of nationalism and argue for the fact that distinct definitions derive from different theories and forms of nationalism. Define Nationalism To provide a deeper analysis, forms of nationalism and their definitions will be connected with theories of nationalism. Based on these sections, this essay will argue that due to various ramifications of the concept of nationalism, this notion exists in various forms accompanied by a variety of definitions, each serving similar and distinct purposes. Finally, concluding remarks will be drawn based on the evidence presented throughout this essay.2. Define NationalismTo initiate an analysis of definitions and forms of nationalism, this essay will focus on four main definitions (Smith, 2016; Anderson, 2006, Gellner, 1969 and Khon, 1965). When referring to â€Å"nation† and â€Å"nationality† Smith (2013: 7) defines nationalism based on three generic goals which have emerged from the academic study of this ideology, namely national unity, national autonomy and national identity. In this framework, nationalism is defined as ‘an ideological movement for attaining and maintaining autonomy of unity and identity for a population which some of its members deem to constitute an actual or potential â€Å"nation†.’ However, for Anderson (2006: 211), nations are merely â€Å"imagined communities† as members of these communities will rarely know each other, and thus they will draw upon the concept of nationality from their own imagined population to which they belong to. This idea emerged from earlier concepts elaborated by Gellner (1969) who argued that nationalism is nothing more than the process of imagining nations. A similar definition that focuses on the idea that nationalism is internally felt by the individual was developed by Khon (1965: 9) arguing that: â€Å"Nationalism is a state of mind, in which the supreme loyalty of the individual is felt to be due to the nation-state†. Similar to Smith (2013), Coakley (2012) argues that many of the current definitions on nationalism overlap with each other and also with definitions of other notions, such as the concept of state. The state has been defined as a compulsory political organisation operating on a continuous basis (Weber, 1968) while a nation has been defied as a human population sharing a common territory and culture (Smith, 1991). Each of these terms can be encountered in definitions of nationalism which, according to Coakley (2012)see this concept as a form of political mobilisation or an ideology that justifies this mobilisation and diminishes the barriers between nation and state. As it can be observed from the above, in some areas these explanations converge while in other areas these notions seem to be divergent. Smith (2013) looks at nationalism as being a concept that describes self-governing capacity while Andersen (2006) and Gellner (1969) see this notion as the process of imagining communities. Similar to Smith (2013), Khon (1965) sees nationalism as connected with the notion of state. It can therefore be argued that nationalism is understood differently by these theoreticians. Finally, it can be observed that notions of self-determination and nationalism seen as an imagined form of identity expression have been maintained from the 19th century (Khon, 1965; Gellner, 1969) to the 21st (Smith, 2013). Thus, the following sections will attempt to uncover the reasons behind these differences.Define Nationalism – To modify or extend this essay or to get pricing on a custom essay Contact Us Today3. Nationalism Forms and TheoriesTo better understand why a unified definition of nationalism is not established, it is important to look at the epicentre from which nationalism arises. Consequently, a historical analysis of the concept and its subsequent forms, corroborated by theories of nationalism, will be attempted in order to understand this notion. The following section will thus discuss these themes.3.1. The Emergence of NationalismAlthough the word nationalism o nly emerged in political language after 1840, its importance grew significantly in the 19th century with revolutions across Europe (Hirschi, 2011). In this period, the most significant event involving nationalism occurred in 1914, when a fear of Slav nationalism led to the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand which resulted in the First World War (Breuilly, 2013). After the war, the Versailles Treaty made reference to notions of â€Å"nation states†, which became the primary concept used by US President Woodrow Wilson when instituting the doctrine of national self-determination (Breuilly, 2013). This action subsequently gave rise to substantial claims of nationalism around the world (Hirschi, 2011). Dahbour (2003) contradicts this, arguing that national self-determination was a response to the colonisation of states which eventually demanded national liberation. Furthermore, self-determination not only gives rise to nationalism but also to ethical and legal citizenship and with it, the ability of a nation to self-govern. As a result, Dahbour (2003) argues that nationalism is a specific claim made for self-determination. Both ideas elaborated by Dahbour (2003) and Breuilly, (2013) are noticeable in the definitions provided by Smith (2013) and Khon (1965). It can therefore be argued that the notion of self-governance and self-determination are connected with the emergence of nationalism and subsequently to its definition. Another opposing view comes from Andersen (2006) who emphasises language, specifically the shared language of a nation. According to this author, nationalism could not have spread and matured without people being able to read about this notion and debate this notion in writing (Andersen 2006). As a result, a cultural element – language- aided in the spread and maturation of nationalism (Andersen, 2006). Nevertheless, this argument does not concern itself with the emergence of nationalism but rather examines its consolidation. However, it emphasises the importance of culture in the definition of nationalism which spirals from a collective mind. This can thus support ideas of Andersen (2006) and Gellner (1969) of imagined communities as shared language is an acquired cognitive function and thus it is a part of the collective mind.Define Nationalism – To modify or extend this essay or to get full references Contact Us Today3.2. Forms of NationalismNationalism can be mani fested as a state ideology or as a non-state popular movement. These manifestations give rise to five forms of nationalism (ethnic, religious, civic, cultural or ideological) which are used to classify sub-types of nationalism (Chatturvedi, 2005). There are over 10 sub-types of nationalism (Snyder, 2009), some of which seek unity and self-governance for people of certain ethic groups while others seek expansion and economic growth for nations against the global community (Chatturvedi, 2005). Other forms of nationalism have been criticised for hiding racism (i.e. al-right nationalism favouring white supremacy) (Snyder, 2009) while other forms of nationalism seek to bring social unity and equality regardless of ethnicity (i.e. left-wing nationalism) (Maxwell and Maxwell, 2014).Ethnic NationalismFor ethnic nationalism and derivate sub-types, nationalism functions on the principle that a nation can only be defined by its ethnic connection which encompasses shared language, culture, heri tage and ancestry. Because of this characteristic, Roshwald (2001) describes this form of nationalism as intolerant and descriptive of authoritarian regimes. Studies (Gil-White, 2006; Sulaiman, 2016) looking into this concept have concluded that similar to nationalism in general, ethnic nationalism is composed of a series of terms that have distinctive definitions, including ethnicity, nation and state. When looking at manifestations of ethic nationalism in the world, research (Sulaiman, 2016) seems to describe similar lines with theory (Roshwald, 2001). This demonstrates thatethnic nationalism leads to conflict, especially in ethnic diverse locations (i.e. Niger Delta) (Sulaiman, 2016).Religious NationalismReligious nationalism denotes a form of nationalism which relies upon a central religion or dogma that has implications in politics and state affairs (Omer and Springs, 2013). This notion contrasts strongly with modern forms of nationalism and has been described as an irration al form of nationalism (Omer and Springs, 2013: 80). Several real world examples include non-secular states, such as Iran, Saudi Arabia or Afghanistan, where the religious law (Sharia Law or the Islamic Law) is the ultimate law of the state (Kavalski, 2016). As ethnic nationalism, religious nationalism shows little to no tolerance for other religious beliefs (Kavalski, 2016), however it does not focus on ethnic unity, but rather on religious unity by repelling any opposing views.Civic NationalismAt the other end of the spectrum, civic nationalism (also referred to as progressive nationalism) advocates for social unity, individual rights and freedoms. This form of nationalism is centred on the idea of a non-xenophobic society, which shows tolerance for all its individuals and strives to provide equality and social justice (Hall, 1998). A practical example of this can be found in Singapore, where the government’s strategy for development derived directly form civic nationalism and globalisation (Brown, 2000). Empirical evidence (Kwan, 2016; Modongal, 2016) shows that while civic nationalism is the driving force of globalisation, it also leads to a dilution of intrinsic values in highly traditional societies (i.e. China). However, civic nationalism, as nationalism, has different forms of interpretation. Focusing on a definition provided by Habermas (1996), Shen (2007: 17) argues that civic nationalism is â€Å"a voluntary selection of allegiance based on values†. If contrasting the two definitions, it can be observed that civic nationalism is defined from a societal-national perspective (Hall, 1998) but also from a global, international perspective (Shen, 2007). Here, nations would accept cooperation with other nations to whom they share similar values. In practice, this rarely occurs (i.e. China and US economic trade), and countries with distinctive cultures will end up in cooperation for economic development; hence the potential for culture dilution (Modongal, 2016). Thus, civic nationalism and ethnic nationalism have a converging point, namely the element of shared culture. The cultural form of nationalism thus defines a middle ground between civic nationalism and ethnic nationalism (Fedorenko, 2012; Song, 2009). Hutchinson (1987) argues with historical examples from Arab, Jewish and Hindu nations that cultural nationalism plays a significant part in the building of nations, as it is a shared belief, value and tradition alongside with ethnic heritage which can lead to the consolidation of states.Ideological NationalismFinally, ideological nationalism is a form of political nationalism which argues for the capacity of nations to self-govern (Smith, 2013). This notion can also be seen Dahbour’s (2003) idea of self-determination as well as in the definition of nationalism provided by Smith (2013). Looking at the history of nationalism two main conclusions can be drawn. The first refers to the fact that nationalism is highly connected with t he concept of national identity and claims made for self-governance. Thus it may be argued that early forms of nationalism were ideological in nature and focused on notions of territory, population and self-government. This seems to justify Coakley’s (2012) ideas, according to which definitions of nationalism overlap definitions of state, nations and ethnicity. Secondly, because nationalism comes in various forms and subsequent types, a unified definition of nationalism is most likely unachievable. As a result, different forms of nationalism will automatically lead to the conclusion that each form defines a different concept, which although similar in some respects, will also be very distinctive in others. Because the progression of nationalism gave rise to different definitions and forms of nationalism, to better understand their nature, theories on nationalism need to be approached in a structured way (REFERENCE). The next section will therefore look at different theories of nationalism and attempt to set different forms and definitions of nationalism within these theoretical boundaries.3.3. Four Theories of NationalismAccording to Llobera (1999) four main theories dominate the notion of nationalism. These are primordial and socio-biological theories, instrumentalist theories, modernisation theories and evolutionary theories. Primordialists such as Herder and Fichte and more recently Smith and Connor, see nationalism as something which was always present in people but had been reawakened under political self-consciousness (Brown, 2003). Geertz (1973) argues for the concept of given identity, as an individual who is born within a group will receive its identity. Consequently, ethnic boundaries are established which are represented by the individual’s shared experience with family members and the group (Tishkov, 1997). Socio-biologists claims derived from this theory argue that heritage and implicitly ethnicity is passed on genetically (Llobera, 1999). These theories frame the notions of ethnic nationalism and cultural nationalism. Ozkirimli (2017) argues that these two forms of nationalism have their roots in primordial theory. Hutchinson and Smith (1994) have analysed primordialism in depth and argue that human social interaction will take place based on three elements: kin selection, reciprocity and coercion. From this notion, the authors hypothesise that ethnic groups are in fact super-families. Therefore, members of these super-families will be biologically inclined towards cooperation and reciprocity with their own kin while also resorting to some forms of coercion (Hutchinson and Smith, 1994). Conclusively, it can be argued that notions of belonging and indirectly excluding others, encountered in definitions of nationalism derive from these theories. Instrumentalist theories diverge from primordial theories by arguing that ethnic groups can be seen as nations and their boundaries are not fixed, but in fact these can vary according to specific needs (i.e. economic development) (Llobera, 1999). A representative figure in this domain is Barth (1969) who supported this theory by arguing that ethnicity is not a reference to biological or cultural heritage but more a form of social organisation. In Barth’s (1969) assertion, boundaries serve a specific purpose, either biological, ecological, economic, political and/or historical. Transposed, this idea can be encountered in the notion of religious nationalism (Sandler, 2004) where Islamic cultures maintain boundaries for political interest but individuals become a part of their nation when converting to Islam. Modernisation theories strongly oppose primordialism by arguing that nationalism emerged as the result of modern processes, such as industrialisation, favourable political, cultural and socio-economic conditions (Llobera, 1999). Hence, theoreticians who support this claim such as Kohn, Kedourie and Gellne, see nationalism as a modern invention (Hall, 1998). According to Hall (1998) this idea can be seen in notions of civic nationalism and ideological nationalism. Although these three theories show substantial contrasts, the fourth theory of nationalism, namely the Evolutionary theory attempts to bring together the notion of modern and primordial (to some extent). As a result, evolutionary theories argue that indeed, nationalism is a product of modern times; however in Europe, this concept evolved from the ideas of Andersen (2006) and Gellner (1969) of imagined communities corroborated by a form of patriotic nationalism which was present since the medieval period (Llobera, 1999). However, as Smith (1981) observed, in order to pinpoint the emergence of nationalism, an analysis of the transference from medieval to modern needs to be conducted. In order to accomplish this, all societal elements must be considered, including economic, social, political and ideological (Smith, 1981). By assessing the aforementioned theories of nationalism, several elements can be noted. Firstly, the evolutionary theories focus on the emergence of nationalism in Europe, which thus implies that this theory cannot be applied for explaining how nationalism emerged elsewhere (i.e. Hutchinson (1987) on the emergence of nationalism in Hindu nations). However, evolutionary theories can be used to explain the formation of definitions that rely on state and nation. Secondly, primordial, instrumentalist and modern theories of nationalism can be used as frameworks to explain the differences between forms of nationalism and subsequently between definitions of this phenomenon. Another observation that can be made in this case is that nationalism cannot be understood as functioning from a pure ideological, ethnic, dogmatic or religious form.Define Nationalism – To modify or extend this essay, let us know and we will write your essay Contact Us TodayAs it was discussed, its emergence and consolidation was favoured by specific politic, economic, social and cultural circumstances, while at the same time its development was favoured by the same notions (Smith, 1981). An exemplification of this can be seen in civic nationalism which serves the purpose of developing social inclusion and globalisation (Brown, 2000) while religious nation alism can be seen as a political instrument(Omer and Springs, 2013). Considering the multiple ramifications of this phenomenon, the existence of various forms and definitions of nationalism becomes explainable.4. ConclusionThis essay discussed various definitions and forms of nationalism and argued that a unified definition of nationalism is not likely achievable due to the existence of various forms of this notion. In the first section of this essay, by focusing on four definitions of nationalism issued by Smith (2013), Anderson (2006), Gellner (1969) and Khon (1965) it was observed that these theoreticians have different perceptions over the notion of nationalism. As a result, the emergence of nationalism and its forms was assessed in an attempt to explain these differences. By analysing the emergence of nationalism and its various forms it was noted that each form of nationalism derived its own definition. Furthermore, it was observed that definitions of nationalism are connected with its emergence. Hence the existence of various forms of nationalism cannot be used alone to explain its distinctive definition. To do so, understanding where and how this phenomenon emerged is also important. To provide a structured framework for the various forms and definitions of nationalism, theories of this concept were combined with the identified forms of nationalism and linked with the studied definitions of nationalism. Here, it was observed that definitions of the broad concepts of nationalism fit within the elaborated theories while forms of nationalism also fall within this framework. By assessing current notions of nationalism it can be concluded that the exact emergence of nationalism cannot be pin-pointed however primordial theories (Geertz, 1973) argue that this concept may have innate characteristics, thus it was always present in humans. Secondly, by observing the various forms of nationalism it can be concluded that this concept may have begun as a simple ideology from medieval times however it evolved to serve various purposes resulting in the variety of definitions and forms. Thus, a single definition of nationalism is unlikely to be developed (Hall, 1998).Define Nationalism – To modify or extend this or get full references Contact Us TodayNeed help with Best AP Books Selection Take a look at http://www.StudyAPExam.com Summary Article Name Define Nationalism Essay – our site – 3000 Words Description From the definition of nationalism to emergence of nationalism, practical & theoretical forms & conclusion, everything is covered in this 3500 word Nationalism Essay. 1000s of happy students! Author Silvia – our site Publisher Name our site Publisher Logo

Example Of Agency And Client - 1126 Words

Agency and Client Introduction The agency is an outplacement high school working with students with special needs. My role within the agency is as the school social worker who meets with students weekly to help build social skills, manage transitions from public school, and large social skills classes. All students within the school have and Individualized Education Plan (IEP) that requires a minimum of an hour of social work services a week. Although these services are mandated by the IEP, if a student refuses sessions any given week there are no direct consequences. The client is a 17 year old, african american male, from a low social economic home in the inner city. He has an educational disability of an emotional disturbance and†¦show more content†¦This includes a hole in the wall between the two lower ventricles of the heart, a narrowing of the pulmonary valve and main pulmonary artery. This condition also is called pulmonary stenosis. Additionally, the aortic valves a re enlarged and the muscular wall of the lower right chamber of the heart is thicker than normal. Beyond this he suffers from Hepatic Fibrosis, which is a rare desire that affects both the liver and the kidneys. He also has a Ventricular Septal Defect. He is currently on the donor list for a new heart. He goes to Boston frequently to meet with doctors and have doctors appointments. Client History The client’s history with mental health and social service systems started at a young age. He lived with his mother and two siblings. He was removed from mothers care during and currently lives with grandparents. He was removed from his mother’s care after a reported incident where he kicked his sister in the vagina. He has stated to this writer that this was due to his anger, and his intention was know to kick her in private area. There is currently minimal information regarding the family history. There was a biopsychosocial done five years ago for a Placement Planning Team Meeting, but there is only minimal contact with the family on a regular basis. The minimal information regarding the client’s history could be seen as problematic from an Ego Psychological perspective. Ego Psychological Perspective Functions My clientShow MoreRelatedThe Department Of Health Care Services1272 Words   |  6 PagesTuolumne for over 30 years. VCRC is publicly funded and also receives donations. All the donation the agency received goes toward the services VCRC provides. VCRC has two main funding to help their clients. The agency received its funding from National Family Caregivers Support Program (NCP) and California Department of Health Care Services (DHS). The DHS program have a share of cost that clients have to pay. There are three counties that only have DHS and no NCP program. 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